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A Security Analysis of Amazon S3 Vectors and Its Use in LLM Retrieval Pipelines

OFFENSAI and TUCN researchers analyzed Amazon S3 Vectors, AWS's native vector store for RAG pipelines, and demonstrated that its metadata is completely unvalidated on write, letting anyone with s3vectors:PutVectors forge chunk text, spoof citation URLs, rank-flood indexes, or overwrite legitimate chunks. In testing, a single planted vector drove a clinical RAG assistant to recommend a dangerous drug dose while citing an authentic PDF, and a poisoned chunk led to command execution in a tool-enabled agent's sandbox, with CloudTrail unable to reconstruct what changed. Details →

When Context Bites: Detecting RAG Poisoning via Document-Level Attention Collapse | Proceedings of the 49th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval

A SIGIR paper presents SilentRetrieval, a two-stage RAG data-poisoning attack that uses Coordinated Beam Search and Context-Adaptive Trigger Generation to craft fluent, low-perplexity adversarial documents that remain retrievable and hijack answers, achieving up to 84.6% HR@10 and 57.5% ASR-LLM on Natural Questions and MS MARCO, and retaining 74.2% HR@10 at a 0.016% poisoning ratio on a 21M-passage corpus. The work also evaluates combined retrieval- and generation-side defenses (reducing ASR-LLM to ~21-25%) and proposes detection via document-level attention collapse. Details →
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